Association between Sleep Quality and Severity of Periodontitis

Abstract

Background: Periodontal disease severity depends on host response and environmental factors; insufficient sleep is associated with a range of adverse health outcomes that causes decreased immunity and increased inflammatory status.

Aim: The study aims to determine the possible relationship between sleep quality and the severity of periodontitis.

Material & Methods: This is a retrospective study involving patients' records who attended REU periodontics postgraduates' clinics. A total of 80 participants Case-control was identified using the American Academy of Periodontology case definitions for periodontal disease. Periodontitis as the case group (40), healthy & gingivitis as the control group (40). Participants were asked during a phone interview to report age, sex, nationality, socioeconomic status. The quality of sleep was also assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).  Independent t-test to find the PI, GI, PD, and CAL between gingivitis and periodontitis cases Pearson's correlation test between PSQI and periodontal variables was performed.

Results: The results of our study showed a significant association between poor sleep quality and high periodontitis prevalence 82.5% The mean score of poor sleep quality was high (9.48) among individuals with periodontitis. There was a clear association between periodontal staging and quality of sleep in which thep-value was (0.047). Within the limitations of our study, we conclude that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with the periodontitis stage (severity) PD and CAL. At the same time, the grading showed no statistically significant association with sleep quality. The prevalence of poor quality of sleep was 82.5% in cases (periodontitis group). There was a significant positive correlation between the quality of sleep and CAL P= 0.012. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, variables failed to reach a significant level.

Conclusion: Poor sleep quality was significantly associated with the periodontitis stage, while the grading showed no statistically significant association.