Helianthus annuus l. Sunflower seed invigoration treatments for improved germination and field performance

Abstract

Introduced to India in 1969 as an oilseed crop, sunflowers (Helianthus annum L.) are now mostly produced in the country for their oil. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, it played a significant role in India's oil seed output. Consumers everywhere appreciate sunflower oil for its high nutritional value, and in India, it is the most popular branded oil. Farmers also like sunflower because of its high production potential, short growing season, and high profit margins. In terms of both oil seed acreage and oil seed output, India is among the world's leading vegetable oil economies. This work investigates approaches for revitalising Helianthus annuus l. sunflower seeds to improve their viability, germination, and performance in the field.