Immunological Risk Factors and Pathophysiology of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

Abstract

     Each pregnancy involves a newly regenerated endometrium and a genetically unique embryo. Certain pathological mechanisms probably converge to trigger pregnancy loss, although the underlying causes may differ between women.Several risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss have been identified as Maternal age, previous number of miscarriages ,anti-phospholipid syndrome, congenital uterine malformation (uterine septum), acquired uterine malformations (uterine myomas, polyps or adhesions), chronic endometritis, overt hypothyroidism, abnormal parental karyotypes , obesity (BMI >30kg/m2 ), lifestyle factors (stress, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption).Since innumerable genes are involved at every physiological step to ensure successful mammalian reproduction, mutations could be the causative factors of the molecular aetiology of RPL.Numeral coding variants in 22 genes are potentially related to the phenotype resulting in RPL