Renal transplantation: Role of CTA in living donor evaluation

Abstract

Renal transplantation is a life-saving procedure for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is considered the most effective treatment option for improving quality of life and survival rates. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the renal transplantation procedure, encompassing the clinical, surgical, and immunological aspects. The article begins with an overview of patient selection criteria, preoperative evaluations, and organ allocation processes, emphasizing the ethical considerations and challenges in donor-recipient matching. Key surgical techniques, including open and laparoscopic approaches, are examined alongside perioperative care protocols to ensure optimal outcomes. Advances in immunosuppressive therapy and strategies to mitigate rejection are highlighted, alongside an evaluation of long-term complications such as chronic allograft nephropathy, infections, and malignancies. Emerging trends in regenerative medicine, xenotransplantation, and machine perfusion technology are also discussed as potential future directions. By synthesizing current evidence and identifying knowledge gaps, this review aims to guide clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in advancing the field of renal transplantation and improving patient care.