Revolutionizing Thyroid Nodule Surgery: The Impact of Hemi-Thyroidectomy Coupled with Intra-Operative Biopsy

Abstract

Solitary thyroid nodules (STNs) are common clinical findings, and their management often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Hemi-thyroidectomy, combined with intra-operative frozen section biopsy (IOFS), has emerged as a reliable technique for managing STNs. This review examines the efficacy, safety, and diagnostic accuracy of this approach. By integrating IOFS into the surgical workflow, surgeons can achieve real-time pathological assessment, enabling tailored treatment decisions during the initial surgical procedure. The review highlights the role of IOFS in differentiating benign from malignant nodules, reducing the need for subsequent surgeries, and minimizing complications associated with overtreatment. Key factors such as sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness of IOFS are critically analyzed. Furthermore, the article explores the impact of this technique on patient outcomes, emphasizing its role in achieving optimal surgical margins and preserving thyroid function. Current evidence supports hemi-thyroidectomy with IOFS as a reliable, efficient, and patient-centered approach in the management of STNs, underscoring its value in modern thyroid surgery protocols.